Yaƙin da ke tsakanin daular da masarauta ya yi magana kan batutuwa masu mahimmanci da marasa muhimmanci.Yawancin yaƙe-yaƙe na al'ada ana yin su ne a yankunan da ake jayayya da kuma wasu lokuta akan sata.Yammacin Asiya na fama da rikice-rikicen mai da kan iyakokin da ake takaddama a kai.Ko da yake waɗannan gine-ginen bayan yakin duniya na biyu sun kasance a kan gaba, tsarin da ya dogara da dokokin duniya yana ƙara tilasta kasashe su shiga yakin da ba a saba ba.Wani sabon yakin geo-economic wanda ba a saba da shi ba ya yi rauni.Kamar kowane abu a cikin wannan duniyar da ke da alaƙa, Indiya za ta shiga cikin ciki kuma ta tilastawa ta zaɓi matsayi, amma rikici ya rushe mahimmancin mahimmanci da mahimmanci.Ƙarfin tattalin arziki.A cikin mahallin rikici mai tsawo, rashin shiri na iya cutar da Indiya sosai.
Semiconductor kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna ƙara ƙarami kuma suna daɗaɗaɗawa kowace shekara, suna haifar da tashin hankali tsakanin masu iko.Waɗannan guntun siliki wani yanki ne da ba makawa a cikin duniyar yau, wanda zai iya haɓaka aiki, nishaɗi, sadarwa, tsaro na ƙasa, haɓaka kiwon lafiya, da sauransu.Abin baƙin cikin shine, semiconductor ya zama filin yaƙin da ke haifar da fasaha tsakanin Sin da Amurka, tare da kowane mai ƙarfi yana ƙoƙarin ƙwace ikon mallakar fasaha.Kamar sauran ƙasashe masu rashin ƙarfi, Indiya da alama tana ƙarƙashin fitilolin mota.
Za a iya kwatanta yanayin hargitsi na Indiya da sabon cliché.Kamar duk rikice-rikicen da suka gabata, sabon cliché ya sami kuɗi a cikin rikice-rikicen da ke gudana: semiconductor shine sabon mai.Wannan misalin ya kawo murya mara dadi ga Indiya.Kamar dai yadda aka kasa gyara matatun mai na kasar tsawon shekaru da dama, gwamnatin Indiya kuma ta kasa kafa dandali mai inganci na masana'antar sarrafa na'ura mai kwakwalwa ga Indiya ko tabbatar da tsarin samar da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar kwamfuta.Ganin cewa ƙasar ta dogara da fasahar sadarwa (IT) da kuma ayyuka masu alaƙa don samun tasirin tattalin arzikin ƙasa, wannan abin mamaki ne.A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, Indiya ta tattauna batun samar da ababen more rayuwa na masana'antar, amma babu wani ci gaba da aka samu.
Ma'aikatar Lantarki da Masana'antu ta sake gayyatar niyyar bayyana niyyarta ta "kafa / faɗaɗa kayan aikin wafer / na'urori na zamani (fab) a Indiya ko samun masana'antar semiconductor a wajen Indiya" don ci gaba da wannan tsari.Wani zaɓi mai dacewa shi ne samun kafuwar data kasance (da yawa daga cikinsu an rufe su a duniya a bara, tare da uku a China kadai) sannan a tura dandali zuwa Indiya;duk da haka, zai ɗauki akalla shekaru biyu zuwa uku kafin a kammala.Sojojin da aka rufe za a iya tura su baya.
A lokaci guda, tasirin biyu na geopolitics da rushewar sarkar samar da kayayyaki da cutar ta haifar ya cutar da masana'antu daban-daban a Indiya.Misali, saboda lalacewar bututun samar da guntu, an tsawaita layin jigilar kayayyaki na kamfanin mota.Yawancin motocin zamani sun dogara da yawa akan ayyuka daban-daban na kwakwalwan kwamfuta da na'urorin lantarki.Hakanan ya shafi kowane samfuri tare da kwakwalwan kwamfuta a matsayin ainihin.Kodayake tsofaffin kwakwalwan kwamfuta na iya sarrafa wasu ayyuka, don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci irin su basirar wucin gadi (AI), cibiyoyin sadarwa na 5G ko dandamali na tsaro, za a buƙaci sababbin ayyuka da ke ƙasa da nanometers 10 (nm).A halin yanzu, akwai masana'anta guda uku a duniya waɗanda za su iya samar da 10nm da ƙasa: Kamfanin Masana'antar Samfuran Taiwan Semiconductor (TSMC), Samsung na Koriya ta Kudu da Intel na Amurka.Yayin da rikitarwar tsari ke ƙaruwa da yawa kuma mahimmancin dabarun dabarun kwakwalwan kwamfuta (5nm da 3nm) yana ƙaruwa, waɗannan kamfanoni uku ne kawai ke iya isar da kayayyaki.Amurka na kokarin dakile ci gaban da kasar Sin ta samu a fannin fasaha ta hanyar takunkumi da shingen kasuwanci.Tare da watsi da na'urori da na'urori na kasar Sin da kasashe abokantaka da abokantaka suka yi, wannan bututun da ke raguwa ya kara dagulewa.
A baya, abubuwa biyu sun hana saka hannun jari a fabs na Indiya.Na farko, gina ƙwararren wafer fab yana buƙatar babban adadin saka hannun jari.Misali, Kamfanin Masana'antu na Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) ya yi alkawarin zuba jarin dalar Amurka biliyan 2-2.5 don samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta da ke kasa da nanometer 10 a sabuwar masana'anta a Arizona, Amurka.Waɗannan kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna buƙatar injin lithography na musamman wanda ke kashe sama da dala miliyan 150.Tara irin wannan adadi mai yawa na tsabar kudi yana dogara ne akan abokin ciniki da kuma buƙatar samfuran da aka gama.Matsala ta biyu ta Indiya ita ce rashin isassun kayan more rayuwa da rashin tabbas kamar wutar lantarki da ruwa da kayan aiki.
Akwai abu na uku boyayye a bayan fage: rashin hasashen ayyukan gwamnati.Kamar sauran gwamnatocin da suka gabata, ita ma gwamnati mai ci ta nuna son zuciya da azzalumi.Masu zuba jari suna buƙatar tabbaci na dogon lokaci a cikin tsarin manufofin.Amma wannan ba yana nufin gwamnati ba ta da amfani.Dukansu Sin da Amurka suna da mahimmancin dabaru ga na'urori masu auna karfin gwiwa.Gwamnatin Amurka ce ta sa TSMC ta yanke shawarar saka hannun jari a Arizona baya ga tsoma bakin sanannun gwamnatin kasar Sin a fannin IT na kasar.Tsohon dan jam'iyyar Democrat Chuck Schumer (Chuck Schumer) a halin yanzu yana cikin Majalisar Dattawan Amurka don haɗin gwiwar bangarorin biyu don samar da tallafin jihohi ga kamfanonin da ke saka hannun jari a fabs, cibiyoyin sadarwar 5G, bayanan wucin gadi da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga.
A ƙarshe, muhawarar na iya zama masana'anta ko fitar da kayayyaki.Amma, mafi mahimmanci, gwamnatin Indiya na buƙatar shiga tsakani tare da ɗaukar matakan bangaranci, ko da kuwa tana da son kai, don tabbatar da wanzuwar tsarin samar da dabarun ciniki, ba tare da la'akari da tsarinta ba.Wannan yakamata ya zama yanki mai mahimmin sakamakon da ba za'a iya sasantawa ba.
Rajrishi Singhal mashawarcin siyasa ne, ɗan jarida kuma marubuci.Hannun sa na Twitter @rajrishisinghal.
Danna nan don karanta Mint ePaperMint yanzu yana kan Telegram.Kasance tare da tashar Mint a cikin Telegram kuma sami sabbin labaran kasuwanci.
mara kyau!Yana kama da kun ƙetare iyakar hotuna masu alamar shafi.Share wasu don ƙara alamun shafi.
Yanzu kun yi rajista ga wasiƙarmu.Idan ba za ku iya samun kowane imel a kusa da mu ba, da fatan za a duba babban fayil ɗin spam ɗin ku.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 29-2021